本文分享自华为云社区《华为云短信服务教你用C++实现Smgp协议》，作者：张俭。
引言&协议概述
中国联合网络通信有限公司短消息网关系统接口协议（SGIP）是中国网通为实现短信业务而制定的一种通信协议，全称叫做Short Message Gateway Interface Protocol，用于在短消息网关（SMG）和服务提供商（SP）之间、短消息网关（SMG）和短消息网关（SMG）之间通信。
Perl的IO::Async模块提供了一套简洁的异步IO编程模型。
SGIP 协议基于客户端/服务端模型工作。由客户端（短信应用，如手机，应用程序等）先和短信网关（SMG Short Message Gateway）建立起 TCP 长连接，并使用 SGIP 命令与SMG进行交互，实现短信的发送和接收。在SGIP协议中，无需同步等待响应就可以发送下一个指令，实现者可以根据自己的需要，实现同步、异步两种消息传输模式，满足不同场景下的性能要求。
时序图
连接成功，发送短信
连接成功，从SMGW接收到短信
协议帧介绍
SGIP Header
- Message Length：长度为4字节，整个PDU的长度，包括Header和Body。
- Command ID：长度为4字节，用于标识PDU的类型（例如，Login、Submit等）。
- Sequence Number：长度为8字节，序列号，用来匹配请求和响应。
使用C++实现SMGP协议栈里的建立连接
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── examples
│ └── smgp_client_login_example.cpp
└── include└── sgipcpp├── BoundAtomic.h├── Client.h├── Protocol.h└── impl├── BoundAtomic.cpp├── Client.cpp└── Protocol.cpp
CMakeLists.txt：用来生成Makefile和编译项目
examples：存放示例代码- smgp_client_login_example.cpp：存放Smgp的login样例
- BoundAtomic.h：递增工具类，用来生成SequenceId
- Client.h：Smgp定义，负责与Smgp服务进行通信，例如建立连接、发送短信等
- Protocol.h：存放PDU，编解码等
- impl/BoundAtomic.cpp：BoundAtomic类的实现
- impl/Client.cpp：Client类的实现
- impl/Protocol.cpp：Protocol中相关函数的实现
实现SequenceId递增
SequenceId是从1到0x7FFFFFFF的值，使用**BoundAtomic**类实现递增：
头文件
#ifndef BOUNDATOMIC_H #define BOUNDATOMIC_H#include <atomic> #include <cassert>class BoundAtomic { public:BoundAtomic(int min, int max);int next_val();private:int min_;int max_;std::atomic<int> integer_; };#endif //BOUNDATOMIC_H
内容
#include "sgipcpp/BoundAtomic.h"BoundAtomic::BoundAtomic(int min, int max) : min_(min), max_(max), integer_(min) {assert(min <= max); }int BoundAtomic::next_val() {int current = integer_.load();int next;do {next = current >= max_ ? min_ : current + 1;} while (!integer_.compare_exchange_strong(current, next));return next; }
实现SMGP PDU以及编解码函数
在**Protocol.h**中定义SMGP PDU以及编解码函数：
头文件
#ifndef PROTOCOL_H #define PROTOCOL_H#include <cstdint> #include <vector>constexpr uint32_t SGIP_BIND = 0x00000001; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_BIND_RESP = 0x80000001; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_UNBIND = 0x00000002; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_UNBIND_RESP = 0x80000002; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_SUBMIT = 0x00000003; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_SUBMIT_RESP = 0x80000003; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_DELIVER = 0x00000004; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_DELIVER_RESP = 0x80000004; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_REPORT = 0x00000005; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_REPORT_RESP = 0x80000005; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_ADDSP = 0x00000006; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_ADDSP_RESP = 0x80000006; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_MODIFYSP = 0x00000007; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_MODIFYSP_RESP = 0x80000007; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_DELETESP = 0x00000008; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_DELETESP_RESP = 0x80000008; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_QUERYROUTE = 0x00000009; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_QUERYROUTE_RESP = 0x80000009; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_ADDTELESEG = 0x0000000A; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_ADDTELESEG_RESP = 0x8000000A; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_MODIFYTELESEG = 0x0000000B; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_MODIFYTELESEG_RESP = 0x8000000B; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_DELETETELESEG = 0x0000000C; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_DELETETELESEG_RESP = 0x8000000C; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_ADDSMG = 0x0000000D; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_ADDSMG_RESP = 0x8000000D; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_MODIFYSMG = 0x0000000E; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_MODIFYSMG_RESP = 0x8000000E; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_DELETESMG = 0x0000000F; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_DELETESMG_RESP = 0x8000000F; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_CHECKUSER = 0x00000010; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_CHECKUSER_RESP = 0x80000010; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_USERRPT = 0x00000011; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_USERRPT_RESP = 0x80000011; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_TRACE = 0x00001000; constexpr uint32_t SGIP_TRACE_RESP = 0x80001000;struct Header {uint32_t total_length;uint32_t command_id;uint64_t sequence_number; };struct Bind {char login_type;char login_name[16];char login_passwd[16];char reserve[8]; };struct BindResp {char result;char reserve[8]; };struct Pdu {Header header;union {Bind bind;BindResp bind_resp;}; };size_t lengthBind(); std::vector<uint8_t> encodePdu(const Pdu& pdu); Pdu decodePdu(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer);#endif //PROTOCOL_H
内容
#include "sgipcpp/Protocol.h" #include <cstring> #include <ostream> #include <stdexcept> #include <sys/_endian.h>size_t lengthBind(const Bind& bind) {return 1 + 16 + 16 + 8; }void encodeBind(const Bind& bind, std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer) {size_t offset = 16;buffer[offset++] = bind.login_type;std::memcpy(buffer.data() + offset, bind.login_name, 16);offset += 16;std::memcpy(buffer.data() + offset, bind.login_passwd, 16);offset += 16;std::memcpy(buffer.data() + offset, bind.reserve, 8); }BindResp decodeBindResp(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer) {BindResp bindResp;size_t offset = 0;offset += sizeof(uint32_t);offset += sizeof(uint32_t);bindResp.result = buffer[offset++];std::memcpy(bindResp.reserve, buffer.data() + offset, sizeof(bindResp.reserve));return bindResp; }std::vector<uint8_t> encodePdu(const Pdu& pdu) {size_t body_length;switch (pdu.header.command_id) {case SGIP_BIND:body_length = lengthBind(pdu.bind);break;default:throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported command ID for encoding");}std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(body_length + 16);uint32_t total_length = htonl(body_length + 16);std::memcpy(buffer.data(), &total_length, 4);uint32_t command_id = htonl(pdu.header.command_id);std::memcpy(buffer.data() + 4, &command_id, 4);uint32_t sequence_number = htonl(pdu.header.sequence_number);std::memcpy(buffer.data() + 8, &sequence_number, 8);switch (pdu.header.command_id) {case SGIP_BIND:encodeBind(pdu.bind, buffer);break;default:throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported command ID for encoding");}return buffer; }Pdu decodePdu(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer) {Pdu pdu;uint32_t command_id;std::memcpy(&command_id, buffer.data(), 4);pdu.header.command_id = ntohl(command_id);uint64_t sequence_number;std::memcpy(&sequence_number, buffer.data() + 8, 8);pdu.header.sequence_number = ntohl(sequence_number);switch (pdu.header.command_id) {case SGIP_BIND_RESP:pdu.bind_resp = decodeBindResp(buffer);break;default:throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported command ID for decoding");}return pdu; }
实现客户端和登录方法
在**Client**中实现客户端和登录方法：
头文件
#ifndef CLIENT_H #define CLIENT_H#include "BoundAtomic.h" #include "Protocol.h" #include "asio.hpp" #include <string>class Client { public:Client(const std::string& host, uint16_t port);~Client();void connect();BindResp bind(const Bind& bind_request);void close();private:std::string host_;uint16_t port_;asio::io_context io_context_;asio::ip::tcp::socket socket_;BoundAtomic* sequence_number_;void send(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data);std::vector<uint8_t> receive(size_t length); };#endif //CLIENT_H
内容
#include "sgipcpp/Client.h" #include <iostream>Client::Client(const std::string& host, uint16_t port): host_(host), port_(port), socket_(io_context_) {sequence_number_ = new BoundAtomic(1, 0x7FFFFFFF); }Client::~Client() {close();delete sequence_number_; }void Client::connect() {asio::ip::tcp::resolver resolver(io_context_);asio::connect(socket_, resolver.resolve(host_, std::to_string(port_))); }BindResp Client::bind(const Bind& bind_request) {Pdu pdu;pdu.header.total_length = sizeof(Bind) + sizeof(Header);pdu.header.command_id = SGIP_BIND;pdu.header.sequence_number = sequence_number_->next_val();pdu.bind = bind_request;send(encodePdu(pdu));auto length_data = receive(4);uint32_t total_length = ntohl(*reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(length_data.data()));auto resp_data = receive(total_length - 4);Pdu resp_pdu = decodePdu(resp_data);return resp_pdu.bind_resp; }void Client::close() {socket_.close(); }void Client::send(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {asio::write(socket_, asio::buffer(data)); }std::vector<uint8_t> Client::receive(size_t length) {std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(length);asio::read(socket_, asio::buffer(buffer));return buffer; }
运行example，验证连接成功
#include "sgipcpp/Client.h" #include <iostream>int main() {try {Client client("127.0.0.1", 8801);client.connect();std::cout << "Connected to the server." << std::endl;Bind bindRequest;bindRequest.login_type = 1;std::string login_name = "1234567890123456";std::string login_password = "1234567890123456";std::string reserve = "12345678";std::copy(login_name.begin(), login_name.end(), bindRequest.login_name);std::copy(login_password.begin(), login_password.end(), bindRequest.login_passwd);std::copy(reserve.begin(), reserve.end(), bindRequest.reserve);BindResp response = client.bind(bindRequest);if (response.result == 0) {std::cout << "Login successful." << std::endl;} else {std::cout << "Login failed with result code: " << static_cast<int>(response.result) << std::endl;}client.close();std::cout << "Connection closed." << std::endl;} catch (const std::exception& e) {std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;}return 0; }
相关开源项目
- netty-codec-sms 存放各种SMS协议（如cmpp、sgip、smpp）的netty编解码器
- sms-client-java 存放各种SMS协议的Java客户端
- sms-server-java 存放各种SMS协议的Java服务端
- cmpp-python cmpp协议的python实现
- cngp-zig cmpp协议的python实现
- sgip-cpp sgip协议的cpp实现
- smgp-perl smgp协议的perl实现
- smpp-rust smpp协议的rust实现
总结
本文简单对SGIP协议进行了介绍，并尝试用C++实现协议栈，但实际商用发送短信往往更加复杂，面临诸如流控、运营商对接、传输层安全等问题，可以选择华为云消息&短信（Message & SMS）服务通过HTTP协议接入，华为云短信服务是华为云携手全球多家优质运营商和渠道，为企业用户提供的通信服务。企业调用API或使用群发助手，即可使用验证码、通知短信服务。
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