1.安装前准备
1.1.关闭防火墙和SELINUX
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
1.2.修改主机名
vi /etc/hostname
1.3.添加hosts解析
vi /etc/hosts
#----------------------------------------------------------
192.168.3.100 oracletest
#----------------------------------------------------------
1.4.关闭透明大页
cd /etc/default/
cp grub grub.bak
vi grub
#----------------------------------------------------------
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="spectre_v2=retpoline rhgb quiet"
# 修改为
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="spectre_v2=retpoline rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never"
#----------------------------------------------------------
# On BIOS-based machines（安装系统时使用传统 BIOS的改法）:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
# On UEFI-based machines（安装系统时使用UEFI-BIOS时的改法）:
grub2-mkconfig -o/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg
1.5.修改内核参数
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
echo "#oracle" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "vm.swappiness = 10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax= $(free|grep Mem |awk '{print int($2*1024*0.85)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = $(free|grep Mem |awk '{print int(($2*1024*0.85)/4096)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "vm.nr_hugepages = $(free -m|grep Mem |awk '{print int(($2*0.8*0.8)/2)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
free -m
sysctl -p
1.6.修改用户限制
echo "#oracle" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft memlock $(free |grep Mem|awk '{print int($2*0.90*1024)}')" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard memlock $(free |grep Mem|awk '{print int($2*0.90*1024)}')" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
1.7.添加oracle profile
cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF
if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; thenif [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; thenulimit -u 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fi
fi
EOF
1.8.创建用户
#create user
/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
1.9.配置yum源
# lsblk查看挂在到服务器的系统镜像
lsblk
# 挂载
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vi local.repo
#-------------------------------------------------
[base]
name = local
baseurl = file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enable = 1
#-------------------------------------------------
1.10.重启主机
reboot
2.安装
2.1.上传软件包
cd /data
mkdir soft
chmod 777 soft
# 以oracle用户的身份把安装文件上传到soft中
2.2.创建oracle_base,oracle_home
mkdir -p /oracle/11204
chown -R oracle.oinstall /oracle
chown -R oracle.oinstall /oradata
2.3.安装依赖包
compat-libstdc++包在系统镜像中不存在，无法使用yum安装，可以去这里下载，之后上传到服务器安装。pdksh不是必须的，可以忽略。
cd /data/soft/
yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y unzip gcc libaio libaio-devel elfutils-libelf-devel glibc-devel glibc-headers gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel sysstat pdksh
2.3.配置环境变量
cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<EOF
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/11204
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export THREADS_FLAG=native
umask=022
EOF
source .bash_profile
2.4.安装软件
2.4.1.自定义db_install.rsp
# 解压安装介质
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
cd database/response
# 下面的dbca.rsp db_install.rsp netca.rsp就是静默安装的模板文件
# 自定义的db_install.rsp文件
cat >> db_install.rsp <<EOF
#软件版本信息
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
#安装选项-仅安装数据库软件
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#主机名称
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
#oracle用户用于安装软件的组名
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#oracle产品清单目录
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oracle/oraInventory
#oracle运行语言环境
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
#oracle家目录
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/11204
#oracle基础目录
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
#安装版本类型：企业版
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#不手动指定企业安装组件
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
#当EEOptionsSelection=false时，该参数不用填写
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=
#指定拥有DBA组
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
#指定oper用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
#不配置安全更新
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#跳过更新
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
EOF
2.4.2.静默安装
cd /data/soft/database/
# 注意db_install.rsp不能是相对路径，noconfig意思是不配置数据库，ignoreprereq忽略oracle安装要求检查
./runInstaller -silent -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /data/soft/db_install.rsp
# root用户执行
sh /oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /oracle/11204/root.sh
2.5.静默配置监听
cp /data/soft/database/response/netca.rsp /data/soft/
netca -silent -responsefile /data/soft/netca.rsp
2.6.创建数据库
2.6.1.自定义dbca.rsp
cat >> dbca.rsp <<EOF
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "monkey"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "monkey"
#是否配置EM
EMCONFIGURATION = "NONE"
#数据文件路径
DATAFILEDESTINATION = "/oradata"
#数据库字符集
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
#覆盖默认初始化参数
INITPARAMS = "processes=500"
#是否使用AMM（我一般使用ASMM，根据自己的需求设定）
AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "false"
EOF
2.6.2.静默安装
dbca -silent -responseFile /data/soft/dbca.rsp
2.6.3.调整参数文件
根据需要调整参数文件，例如db_files，control_files，sga_target，pga_aggregate_target等
3.图形化安装过程
3.1.软件安装
安装过程如果报错：
Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/oracle/11204/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'. See '/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2024-06-10_07-12-06PM.log' for details.
vi $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
#===========================
# emdctl
#===========================$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
修改为
#===========================
# emdctl
#===========================$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
3.2.安装数据库
