西电计科嵌入式程序设计课程实验源码

前言

博主是21级计科院的，在此澄清一下部分学长留存的实验经验：

• 实验比较基础，并不像之前所说非常棘手；
• 可以提前准备，但也没太大必要，认真做下午基本就能完全结束；
• 实验三代码需要自己编写，但结构清晰，较为容易；

用 Qt 编写嵌入式 GUI 程序——加减乘除四则运算器设计

头文件

#ifndef CALCULATOR_H
#define CALCULATOR_H //对 calculator.h 头文件的声明
#include <QWidget> //包含主窗体类
#include <QPushButton> //包含按键类
#include <QVBoxLayout> //包含垂直布局器类
#include <QHBoxLayout> //包含水平布局器类
#include <QLineEdit> //包含显示框类
#include <QStack>
class Calculator : public QWidget //计算器继承自主窗体类
{Q_OBJECT //必须加上这句，如果要调用信号，槽函数的操作的话
public:Calculator(); //计算器类的构造函数~Calculator(); //计算器类的析构函数
public slots: //定义各个按键按下后对应操作处理的槽函数void zeroButtonPress();void oneButtonPress();void twoButtonPress();void threeButtonPress();void fourButtonPress();void fiveButtonPress();void sixButtonPress();void sevenButtonPress();void eightButtonPress();void nineButtonPress();void addButtonPress();void subButtonPress();void mulButtonPress();void divButtonPress();void clearButtonPress();void equButtonPress();
private:QLineEdit *operateEdit;//声明显示框QPushButton *zeroButton;//声明数字按键¹QPushButton *oneButton;QPushButton *twoButton;QPushButton *threeButton;QPushButton *fourButton;QPushButton *fiveButton;QPushButton *sixButton;QPushButton *sevenButton;QPushButton *eightButton;QPushButton *nineButton;QPushButton *clearButton;//声明运算符按键QPushButton *addButton;QPushButton *subButton;QPushButton *divButton;QPushButton *mulButton;QPushButton *equButton;QHBoxLayout *firstLayout;//声明水平布局器，该布局器主要对 16 个按键进行布局QHBoxLayout *secondLayout;QHBoxLayout *thirdLayout;QHBoxLayout *fourthLayout;QVBoxLayout *mainLayout;//声明垂直布局器，该布局器主要对主窗体上面的空间进行排布QString expression;int precedence(QChar op);float calculator(float a,float b,QChar op);
};
#endif // CALCULATOR_H

源文件

#include"calculator.h"
Calculator::Calculator()
{operateEdit = new QLineEdit(this);//初始化显示框operateEdit->setReadOnly(true); //设置显示框为只读operateEdit->setText(tr("0"));//初始化显示框显示数据为0zeroButton = new QPushButton;//初始化按键zeroButton->setText(tr("0"));//设置按键上显示的标签，以下对按键相关的操作类似oneButton = new QPushButton;oneButton->setText(tr("1"));twoButton = new QPushButton;twoButton->setText(tr("2"));threeButton = new QPushButton;threeButton->setText(tr("3"));fourButton = new QPushButton;fourButton->setText(tr("4"));fiveButton = new QPushButton;fiveButton->setText(tr("5"));sixButton = new QPushButton;sixButton->setText(tr("6"));sevenButton = new QPushButton;sevenButton->setText(tr("7"));eightButton = new QPushButton;eightButton->setText(tr("8"));nineButton = new QPushButton;nineButton->setText(tr("9"));clearButton = new QPushButton;clearButton->setText(tr("Clear"));addButton = new QPushButton;addButton->setText(tr("+"));subButton = new QPushButton;subButton->setText(tr("-"));mulButton = new QPushButton;mulButton->setText(tr("*"));divButton = new QPushButton;divButton->setText(tr("/"));equButton = new QPushButton;equButton->setText(tr("="));firstLayout = new QHBoxLayout;//初始化水平布局器 firstLayoutfirstLayout->addWidget(zeroButton); //把按键 zeroButton 添加到 firstLayoutfirstLayout->addWidget(oneButton); //把按键 oneButton 添加到 firstLayoutfirstLayout->addWidget(twoButton); //把按键 twoButton 添加到 firstLayoutfirstLayout->addWidget(addButton); //把按键 threeButton 添加到 firstLayout，以下对水平布局器的操作类似secondLayout = new QHBoxLayout;secondLayout->addWidget(threeButton);secondLayout->addWidget(fourButton);secondLayout->addWidget(fiveButton);secondLayout->addWidget(subButton);thirdLayout = new QHBoxLayout;thirdLayout->addWidget(sixButton);thirdLayout->addWidget(sevenButton);thirdLayout->addWidget(eightButton);thirdLayout->addWidget(mulButton);fourthLayout = new QHBoxLayout;fourthLayout->addWidget(nineButton);fourthLayout->addWidget(clearButton);fourthLayout->addWidget(equButton);fourthLayout->addWidget(divButton);mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout(this);//初始化垂直布局器 mainLayoutmainLayout->addWidget(operateEdit); //把显示数据框 operateEdit 加到 mainLayoutmainLayout->addLayout(firstLayout); //把水平布局器 firstLayout 添加到 mainLayoutmainLayout->addLayout(secondLayout); //把水平布局器 secondLayout 添加到mainLayoutmainLayout->addLayout(thirdLayout); //把水平布局器 thirdLayout 添加到 mainLayoutmainLayout->addLayout(fourthLayout); //把水平布局器 fourthLayout 添加到 mainLayout
connect(zeroButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(zeroButtonPress()));
//把按键 zeroButton 的按下事件同 zeroButtonPress()绑定到一起，以下操作类似connect(oneButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(oneButtonPress()));connect(twoButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(twoButtonPress()));connect(threeButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(threeButtonPress()));connect(fourButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(fourButtonPress()));connect(fiveButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(fiveButtonPress()));connect(sixButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(sixButtonPress()));connect(sevenButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(sevenButtonPress()));connect(eightButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(eightButtonPress()));connect(nineButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(nineButtonPress()));connect(addButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(addButtonPress()));connect(subButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(subButtonPress()));connect(mulButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(mulButtonPress()));connect(divButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(divButtonPress()));connect(equButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(equButtonPress()));connect(clearButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(clearButtonPress()));this->setWindowTitle(tr("Calculator"));//设置窗体标题为 Calculatorexpression="";
}Calculator::~Calculator()
{if (operateEdit != NULL){delete operateEdit;operateEdit = NULL;}if (zeroButton != NULL){delete zeroButton;zeroButton = NULL;}if (oneButton != NULL){delete oneButton;oneButton = NULL;}if (twoButton != NULL){delete twoButton;twoButton = NULL;}if (threeButton != NULL){delete threeButton;threeButton = NULL;}if (fourButton != NULL){delete fourButton;fourButton = NULL;}if (fiveButton != NULL){delete fiveButton;fiveButton = NULL;}if (sixButton != NULL){delete sixButton;sixButton = NULL;}if (sevenButton != NULL){delete sevenButton;sevenButton = NULL;}if (eightButton != NULL){delete eightButton;eightButton = NULL;}if (nineButton != NULL){delete nineButton;nineButton = NULL;}if (clearButton != NULL){delete clearButton;clearButton = NULL;}if (addButton != NULL){delete addButton;addButton = NULL;}if (subButton != NULL){delete subButton;subButton = NULL;}if (mulButton != NULL){delete mulButton;mulButton = NULL;}if (divButton != NULL){delete divButton;divButton = NULL;}if (equButton != NULL){delete equButton;equButton = NULL;}if (firstLayout != NULL){delete firstLayout;firstLayout = NULL;}if (secondLayout != NULL){delete secondLayout;secondLayout = NULL;}if (thirdLayout != NULL){delete thirdLayout;thirdLayout = NULL;}if (fourthLayout != NULL){delete fourthLayout;fourthLayout = NULL;}if (mainLayout != NULL){delete mainLayout;mainLayout = NULL;}
}void Calculator::zeroButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression += "0";} else {expression.append("0");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::oneButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "1";} else {expression.append("1");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::twoButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "2";} else {expression.append("2");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::threeButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "3";} else {expression.append("3");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::fourButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "4";} else {expression.append("4");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::fiveButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "5";} else {expression.append("5");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::sixButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "6";} else {expression.append("6");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::sevenButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "7";} else {expression.append("7");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::eightButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "8";} else {expression.append("8");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::nineButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty() || expression.endsWith('0')) {expression = "9";} else {expression.append("9");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::addButtonPress()
{if(!expression.isEmpty() && !expression.endsWith('+') && !expression.endsWith('-') && !expression.endsWith('*') && !expression.endsWith('/')) {expression.append("+");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::subButtonPress()
{if(!expression.isEmpty() && !expression.endsWith('+') && !expression.endsWith('-') && !expression.endsWith('*') && !expression.endsWith('/')) {expression.append("-");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::mulButtonPress()
{if(!expression.isEmpty() && !expression.endsWith('+') && !expression.endsWith('-') && !expression.endsWith('*') && !expression.endsWith('/')) {expression.append("*");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::divButtonPress()
{if(!expression.isEmpty() && !expression.endsWith('+') && !expression.endsWith('-') && !expression.endsWith('*') && !expression.endsWith('/')) {expression.append("/");}operateEdit->setText(expression);
}void Calculator::clearButtonPress()
{expression.clear();operateEdit->setText("0");
}
//等号操作响应函数
void Calculator::equButtonPress()
{if(expression.isEmpty()) {return;}QStack<float> numbers;QStack<QChar> operators;QString number;for(int i = 0; i < expression.size(); ++i) {QChar c = expression.at(i);if(c.isDigit() || c == '.') {number.append(c);} else {if(!number.isEmpty()) {numbers.push(number.toFloat());number.clear();}while(!operators.isEmpty() && precedence(operators.top()) >= precedence(c)) {float second = numbers.pop();float first = numbers.pop();QChar op = operators.pop();numbers.push(calculator(first, second, op));}operators.push(c);}}if(!number.isEmpty()) {numbers.push(number.toFloat());}while(!operators.isEmpty()) {float second = numbers.pop();float first = numbers.pop();QChar op = operators.pop();numbers.push(calculator(first, second, op));}float result = numbers.pop();expression = QString::number(result, 'f', 7);operateEdit->setText(expression);
}int Calculator::precedence(QChar op)
{if(op == '+' || op == '-') {return 1;} else if(op == '*' || op == '/') {return 2;}return 0;
}float Calculator::calculator(float a, float b, QChar op)
{switch(op.toLatin1()) {case '+': return a + b;case '-': return a - b;case '*': return a * b;case '/': return a / b;}return 0;
}

主函数

#include <QApplication>//包含应用程序类
#include "calculator.h"//包含计算器类
int main(int argc, char *argv[])//main 函数的标准写法
{QApplication app(argc, argv); //创建一个 QApplication 对象，管理应用程序的资源Calculator mainwindow; //产生一个计算器对象mainwindow.showMaximized();//显示计算器窗体(默认以最大化的形式显示)return app.exec();//让程序进入消息循环，等待可能的菜单、工具条、鼠标等的输入，
}

编写嵌入式 Linux 设备驱动程序——LED驱动程序

Notes

• insmod led_driver.ko 加载 LED 驱动模块
• lsmod 查看目标机中已经加载的所有模块
• cat /proc/devices 查看目标机中已经加载的所有设备，包括字符设备、块设备
• rmmod led_driver.ko 卸载 LED 驱动模块
• mknod /dev/XXX c #### x 创建 LED 设备文件节点
  • XXX 表示设备名，Linux 根据设备名创建设备目录；本实验中表示 led_light2 即指 LED 设备的第二个驱动程序，默认驱动程序为 led_light;
  • c 表示字符设备
  • #### 表示主设备号
  • x 表示次设备号
• ls /dev 查看创建的所有设备
• rmmod led_driver.ko 卸载 LED 驱动模块

Codes Modification

实验手册中给定的模块删除代码为：

/*模块的退出*/
static void __exit s5pv210_led_exit(void)
{
/* -------------------------------- */
device_destroy(led_dev_class,DEVICE_NODE);
/* ---------------------------------- */
class_destroy(led_dev_class);
cdev_del(cdev_p);
unregister_chrdev_region(num_dev,1);
}

根据设备文件节点是无法移除设备的，Linux 通过分配的设备号（主设备号、次设备号）来注册设备的，因此需要删除设备对应的设备号 num_dev，修改后的代码为：

/*模块的退出*/
static void __exit s5pv210_led_exit(void)
{
/* -------------------------------- */
device_destroy(led_dev_class,num_dev);
/* ---------------------------------- */
class_destroy(led_dev_class);
cdev_del(cdev_p);
unregister_chrdev_region(num_dev,1);
}

模块驱动程序

#include<linux/init.h>
#include<linux/module.h>
#include<linux/sched.h>
#include<linux/kernel.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <plat/gpio-cfg.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/fs.h> 
#include <linux/device.h>
/*定义设备目录*/
#define DEVICE_LIST "led_test2"
/*定义设备文件节点*/
#define DEVICE_NODE "led_light2"
#define LED1 0x01
#define LED2 0x02
#define LED3 0x04
#define LED4 0x08
/*定义申请设备号(主设备号+次设备号)的变量*/
static dev_t num_dev; 
/*字符设备的变量定义*/
static struct cdev *cdev_p;/*定义一个 class 类*/
static struct class *led_dev_class;
/*定义一个全局变量，表示 LED 灯的状态*/
static unsigned char led_status = 0;
/*设置 LED 灯的状态*/
static void set_led_status(unsigned char status)
{
/*表示 LED 灯的状态是否发生变化*/
unsigned char led_status_changed;
led_status_changed= led_status^(status & 0xF);
/*数据变化检测*/
led_status=(status & 0xF);
/*如果 4 个 LED 灯的状态发生了变化*/if(led_status_changed!=0x00)
{
/*判断是否改变 LED1 灯的状态*/
if(led_status_changed&LED1)
{if(led_status&LED1)
gpio_direction_output(S5PV210_GPH0(0),0);
else
gpio_direction_output(S5PV210_GPH0(0),1);
}
/*判断是否改变 LED2 灯的状态*/
if(led_status_changed&LED2)
{
if(led_status&LED2)
gpio_direction_output(S5PV210_GPH0(1),0);
else
gpio_direction_output(S5PV210_GPH0(1),1);
}/*判断是否改变 LED3 灯的状态*/
if(led_status_changed&LED3)
{
if(led_status&LED3)
gpio_direction_output(S5PV210_GPH0(2),0);
else
gpio_direction_output(S5PV210_GPH0(2),1);
}
/*判断是否改变 LED4 灯的状态*/
if(led_status_changed&LED4)
{
if(led_status&LED4)
gpio_direction_output(S5PV210_GPH0(3),0);
else
gpio_direction_output(S5PV210_GPH0(3),1);
} } }/*读取 LED 灯的状态*/
static ssize_t s5pv210_led_read(struct file * file,char * buf,size_t count,loff_t * f_ops)
{/*从用户空间读取数据,获取 LED 灯的状态*/copy_to_user(buf, (char *)&led_status, sizeof(unsigned char));return sizeof(unsigned char); 
}/*定义实现 LED 灯的写操作*/
static ssize_t s5pv210_led_write (struct file * file,const char * buf, size_t count,loff_t * f_ops)
{
unsigned char status;
if(count==1)
{
/*向用户空间写数据,如果写失败，则返回错误*/
if(copy_from_user(&status, buf,sizeof(unsigned char)))
return -EFAULT;
set_led_status(status);
return sizeof(unsigned char);}elsereturn -EFAULT;
}/*打开 LED 设备*/
static ssize_t s5pv210_led_open(struct inode * inode,struct file * file)
{ /*增加管理此设备的 owner 模块的使用计数*/
try_module_get(THIS_MODULE);
return 0;
}
/*释放 LED 设备*/
static ssize_t s5pv210_led_release(struct inode * inode, struct file * file)
{
/*减少管理此设备的 owner 模块的使用计数*/
module_put(THIS_MODULE);
return 0;
}/*定义具体的文件操作*/
static const struct file_operations s5pv210_led_ctrl_ops={.owner = THIS_MODULE,.open = s5pv210_led_open,.read = s5pv210_led_read,.write = s5pv210_led_write,.release = s5pv210_led_release,
};
/*LED 灯的初始化和 LED 设备驱动的加载*/
static int s5pv210_led_ctrl_init(void)
{
int err;struct device* temp=NULL;
unsigned int gpio;
/*GPIO 口的初始化 LED1,LED2,LED3,LED4，设置为输出*/
for(gpio=S5PV210_GPH0(0);gpio<S5PV210_GPH0(4);gpio++)
{
s3c_gpio_cfgpin(gpio, S3C_GPIO_SFN(1));
}
/*动态注册 led_test 设备,num_dev 为动态分配出来的设备号(主设备号+次设备号)*/
err=alloc_chrdev_region(&num_dev,0,1,DEVICE_LIST);
if (err < 0) {
printk(KERN_ERR "LED: unable to get device name %d/n", err);
return err;
}
/*动态分配 cdev 内存空间*/
cdev_p = cdev_alloc();
cdev_p->ops = &s5pv210_led_ctrl_ops;/*加载设备驱动*/
err=cdev_add(cdev_p,num_dev,1);
if(err){
printk(KERN_ERR "LED: unable to add the device %d/n", err);
return err;
}
/*在/sys/class 下创建 led_test 目录*/
led_dev_class=class_create(THIS_MODULE,DEVICE_LIST);
if(IS_ERR(led_dev_class))
{err=PTR_ERR(led_dev_class);
goto unregister_cdev;
}/*基于/sys/class/led_test 和/dev 下面创建 led_light 设备文件*/
temp=device_create(led_dev_class, NULL,num_dev, NULL, DEVICE_NODE);
if(IS_ERR(temp))
{
err=PTR_ERR(temp);
goto unregister_class;
}
return 0;unregister_class:
class_destroy(led_dev_class);
unregister_cdev:
cdev_del(cdev_p);
return err;
}
/*模块的初始化*/
static int __init s5pv210_led_init(void)
{
int ret;
ret = s5pv210_led_ctrl_init();
if(ret)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "Apply: S5PV210_LED_init--Fail !!!/n");
return ret;
}
return 0;
}/*模块的退出*/
static void __exit s5pv210_led_exit(void)
{
device_destroy(led_dev_class,num_dev);
class_destroy(led_dev_class);
cdev_del(cdev_p);
unregister_chrdev_region(num_dev,1);
}
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("LED driver test");
module_init(s5pv210_led_init);
module_exit(s5pv210_led_exit);

Makefile

INSTALLDIR= /opt/tftp
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
obj-m:=led_driver.o
else
KERNELDIR:=/opt/cross-compiler/kernel-embv210
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
default:$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:rm -rf *.o *.order .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c *.symvers
endif
install: led_driver.komkdir -p $(INSTALLDIR)cp --target-dir=$(INSTALLDIR) led_driver.ko

测试文件

// LED test programme
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define DEVICE_NODE "/dev/led_light2"
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int fd,i,j;
unsigned char status;
unsigned char t;
/*打开设备节点*/
fd = open(DEVICE_NODE,O_RDWR);
if(fd == -1) 
{
printf("open device %s error \n",DEVICE_NODE);
return -1;
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
//依次点亮 LED1..LED4
t=(unsigned char)((1<<j)&0x0F);
write(fd,&t,sizeof(t));
if(read(fd,&status,1)!=0)
{
printf("led status:%0x\n",status);
}
sleep(1);
} }
close(fd);
return 0;
}